男性健康:了解睾酮

什麼是睾酮?它有多重要?
睾酮是一種類固醇激素,男性從青春期開始終生由睪丸分泌。然而從30歲左右開始,睾酮水平會隨年齡增長以每年1-2%的速度下降。不良生活習慣可能加速這個過程,例如過量飲酒、睡眠不足、缺乏運動、壓力過大和飲食不均衡。
睾酮不僅負責調節性慾(性衝動),還影響骨密度、體脂率、肌肉量以及紅血球的生成。當睾酮水平低於正常值時,可能導致肌肉量減少、性慾低下、易怒、抑鬱、注意力不集中、體毛脫落、疲勞以及骨質疏鬆風險增加。
需特別注意的是,性慾並非僅由激素驅動。若生活習慣失衡,比如運動過量或不足、酗酒或存在抑鬱/焦慮等心理問題,這些都可能影響性慾。因此找出根本原因至關重要,而非簡單歸咎於睾酮不足。
為何要檢測性激素結合球蛋白(SHBG)?
所有激素都需要載體蛋白在體內運輸。睾酮主要通過SHBG和白蛋白在體內傳輸1 SHBG與睾酮的結合能力遠高於雌激素2 其主要作用是控制性激素對細胞的可用性並進行全身運輸。要確定有多少睾酮能進入細胞(即「游離睾酮」),需通過SHBG與總睾酮水平的差值計算。現代實驗室會自動進行這項計算來評估游離睾酮水平。相較總睾酮值,游離睾酮能更準確反映睾酮狀態。3, 4
SHBG正常值範圍為10-57mmol/L。男性隨年齡增長常見的狀況是SHBG水平升高,從而阻礙游離睾酮被細胞利用。SHBG過高的症狀與前述低睾酮症狀相似。5
因此我們需要找出SHBG升高的原因來降低其水平。對男性而言可能與甲狀腺機能亢進6 或生長激素不足有關。7肝臟問題也是潛在因素,因為SHBG由肝臟產生,若患有非酒精性脂肪肝、肝炎或肝硬化等肝臟疾病,SHBG可能偏高8,9.
生活習慣同樣影響SHBG水平,包括酗酒10, 、吸煙11, 和過度壓力12。這種壓力也可能源自過度訓練。

SHBG過高的長期影響
研究顯示SHBG過高可能帶來長期疾病風險,包括骨質流失與骨密度下降13,14. ,同時增加阿茲海默症15 和前列腺癌的患病風險。16
如何降低SHBG?
飲食調整能有效改善:高蛋白飲食有助降低SHBG17. 。建議蛋白質基礎攝入量為每公斤體重1.2克,運動量較大者需適量增加。初步可透過肝功能檢查確認總蛋白水平。
將體脂率降至健康水平也能降低SHBG18 :女性建議低於22%,男性建議低於20%。
某些礦物質和維生素補充劑也能降低SHBG,其中硼元素效果最顯著,效果最顯著,研究建議每日攝入10mg可降低SHBG19. 。最佳補充形式為甘氨酸硼或檸檬酸硼。需注意的是,若總睾酮水平原本就高,SHBG自然會高於正常值,此時建議從低劑量(3-6mg/日)開始補充,2-4週後檢測游離睾酮水平。理想值應維持在2-4%之間。
維生素D3能降低SHBG並提升睾酮,最適水平約50ng/dL。硼與維生素D3具有協同效應:硼能延長維生素D3在血液中的半衰期,增強其作用效果。魚油同樣能降低SHBG20 ,最安全的Omega-3攝取方式是食用沙丁魚、鯖魚、野生鮭魚、鯡魚或鳳尾魚等魚類,每週四份即可(罐裝產品Omega-3含量相當或更高)。
根據個人狀況,可能需要從生活方式、飲食和訓練計劃等多方面著手調整。與功能醫學專家合作能幫助您找到最佳平衡點,重獲健康狀態!
如需了解更多男性激素與性健康資訊,歡迎聯繫我們。
作者:Miles Price
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作者:Miles Price


